What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma)

If whizz and only(a) would sine qua non to examine mavins self most the content of a forge or contrive by comparison with what others mean with the battle cry or contrive, virtuoso will find confirmation of similarity or change in nitty-gritty in relation to time. Given such(prenominal) thesis, this essay intends to validate that same by exploring my own assumptions and beliefs astir(predicate) a certain concept or enounce by, discovering what I hope about and how those ideas bewilder been formed in me, and exploring outside apparent horizonpoints of the topic using present-day(a) and/or literary figures, politicians, poets, authors, media images, institutions, history books, etc.Exploration of self What I think and encounter about the idiom What Goes Around Comes Around (Around).?As I make use of the new version of softwargon in the Internet, the computer flashes a communicate Paying is a honorable karma. The volume karma enters into my nous that if there cou ld is good karma, there must be bad karma. Before my encounter of the phrase of good karma, the content of the word karma for me was negative that whatever error or mistake atomic number 53 must have done will rightfully come back to haunt one back. The word karma or the phrase what goes virtu in ally comes close to serves as self-evaluation that would result of self-judgment. Sometimes, the self judges very(prenominal) harshly, hence , one could besides imagine the tendency that I whitethorn have done fair(a) to avoid the word karma before it comes to mind that there could some good in it. The experience has therefore brought me into the truthfulness of experiencing the meaning of wrangling into my life that though as one is just a word it carries a message that could turn on or off ones mood in a day. This is non surprising because I believe that man is created overly an emotional globe although he is endowed with a rational mind. What is to interesting with emotion is that is what one feels at the moment and most of the sometimes, what one feels is more powerful than what one thinks.In trying therefore to reflect on the meaning of karma in this paper, I have to admit that words or phrases could change or could have variant meaning at different times. Thus the destiny to have updated dictionaries. Let us apply on how Oxford English lexicon defines the word karma in two flairs. One definition for the word goes this way From the Sanskrit word (meaning operation or answer) used in Hinduism and Buddhism to refer to the principle by which a psyches actions in this world determine the fate that awaits him or her by and by death. In English the word is sometimes used more in general to refer to the processes of destiny, and it has sometimes been chosen as a assumption stool with reference to this idea.1 Its other definition goes this way the sum of a persons actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as affecting their futur e fate.2 analyze the two definitions by the same dictionary does non make such(prenominal) difference as to the meaning referring to after life consequences.Exploration of other viewpoints about the phrase and how the meaning of the phrase or word karma has changed over time, how the phrase was formed, etc.Let us take what other old viewpoints using the phrase What comes around goes around or word karma and let us take palliate a nonher who has used the phrase in the context of a given statement. there is such phrases as law of Karma under various call and this include the law of compensation the law of balance the law of action and re-action.3 One could easily get some connection with the authors explanation of the term as bringing it judgment, correcting all wrongs, punishing all vices, and rewarding all virtues. The inevitability of cause and effect means and ends, and bug and fruit are simply there. A mans prescript reading of that interpretation by the author would be to look at the cause if something could be done so that the necessary good effect will come out. One this note therefore the word karma from 1894 had had already a positive or negative meaning and as I now realize, it whitethorn be that I was not that attentive of its meaning then. I mean, the term could mean also to be positive and not just negative.Ward explained further the use of the term karma allows equating it with the law as justice, and when viewed in its applications, an action of an individual has with it retribution. If such is the case, there is also causality to agree with authors conclusion that any secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty.4One could see from karma that energy comes by accident, that what one reaps, what he or she has sown. There is therefore a universal rule that giving love brings further love. Sowing brings further reaping. In more concrete application, it may mean money bege ts money.The phrase What goes around Comes Around happened to be the third single from Justin Timberlakes second solo album FutureSex/LoveSounds which was released in 2006.5 People who could relate with the song may interpret the recrudesce going around as where Timberlake mourned how his ex-lover may have wounded him and in coming around as referring how the law of balance came into effect, as Timberlakes ex-lover new boyfriend now treat said ex-lover in handle manner the woman treated Timberlake in the going around package of the song.Synthesis of two partsComparing my personal experience and others viewpoints with the word or phrase puts me now into the questions Do I have a different connotation of the word or phrase with theirs? What, if any? If there is no difference, justify.I feel that the meaning of the word to me changed overtime as how others may have changed it. Phrases or ground or words are just means to communicate meanings .When one encounters how a word or phras e is meant by other the person so encountered, he or she also makes a meaning out of how he or she understood the word or phrase in the outside world. When that new meaning comes into the person, the last mentioned could use the word in a sentence or in expressing thoughts to others. When many people agree about the usage of phrase of terms or word these agreements and confirmations, produce a part of culture. This is when people change with other members of society as to giving birth to the general acceptableness of the word.6It could be said that difference in the meanings of the word karma was not actually meant in 1894.7 It was my mind who created a difference of the meaning because of my lack of movie to the meaning of karma, that there could also be a good karma not just good karma. This therefore brings me another reality that knowledge of one thing or even a simple word and its meaning to every one vary across different people until that person realizes that he or she m ust understand what others really give to that word so that person could actually relate under a bigger world. If the world speaks with one word or one language, perhaps the world could be a more peaceful world. But across cultures are different languages with different words that may have different meanings.ConclusionThere is basis to uphold the thesis that if one would want to examine ones self about the meaning of a word or phrase by comparison with what others mean with the word or phrase, one will find confirmation of similarity or change in meaning in relation to time.Confirmation of similarity or change in meaning requires one to be honest about the true meaning of the word to himself or herself. After accepting the truth, one must be ready to what is meant by the word or phrase as authoritative by majority of people. The best proof of this is the use of dictionary, which implies that the word may have its meaning reached the point of general acceptability8. This may not be hard to understand as human beings communicate using words or terms, and by them, the peoples experience of the word or phrase will be given recognition and acceptance. I believe that words are defined and used in dictionaries, which may have evolved and changed over time including the chance of expanding the original meaning and even lastly returning to the old meaning.Works CitedDavid Kaufer, Suguru Ishizaki, Brian Butler, Jeff Collins, The Power of actors line Unveiling the Speaker and Writers mystical Craft Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004Mark Guarino, M. Out from the Cocoon Timberlake Re-emerges without Squeaky Clean Image everyday Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), August 24, 2006New Fowlers Modern English Usage, clip article The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, December 1996Oxford University Press, Compact Oxford English Dictionary,2007 www chronicle URL http//www.askoxford.com/firstnames/karma?view=uk, Accessed May 29,2007Ward, P.C. Emerson and Theosophy, A physical compositi on read before the Chiswick Lodge of the theosophical Society ,December 12th, 1892, 1894 www document http//www.theosophical.ca/EmersonTheosophyPCW.html, Accessed May 29,2007Oxford University Press, (2007)IbidWard, Emerson and Theosophy by P.C. Ward, F.T.S. A Paper read before the Chiswick Lodge of the Theosophical Society ,December 12th, 1892, 1894 www document http//www.theosophical.ca/EmersonTheosophyPCW.html, Accessed May 29,2007IbidGuarino, Out from the Cocoon Timberlake Re-emerges without Squeaky Clean Image perfunctory Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), August 24, 2006 New Fowlers Modern English Usage , Magazine article The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, December 1996 Ward, Emerson and Theosophy, see above David Kaufer, Suguru Ishizaki, Brian Butler, Jeff Collins, The Power of Words Unveiling the Speaker and Writers Hidden Craft Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004

Carol Ann Duffy uses the theme of growing up in her poem Essay

Carol Ann Duffy uses the theme of growing up in her poem In Mrs Tilschers Class. She starts off by aspect the first stanza in a class in a uncomplicated school. She uses you could travel up the Blue Nile with your finger, tracing the r step to the foree while Mrs Tilscher intone the scenery. Tana. Ethiopia. Khartoum. Aswan. This quite obviously tells us that she teaching the recent, ambitious class with a globe, over once more referring rear end to the classroom scenery as most aboriginal school classrooms flip globes. Then she says That for an hour, then a skittle of milk and the chalky pyramids rubbed into dust. Here, Carol Ann Duffy is video display that when the geography lesson has finished and the children have had a break they simply forget closely what theyve been taught. She also refers back to the geography with chalky pyramids. This stanza basically emphasising the happiness of the children at that age.This was better than home. gripping books. The classroom glo wed similar a sweetshop. This is the opening two lines of the second stanza again showing the happiness and excitement of the children. Better than home home is spectacular so school must be even greater. The classroom glowed like a sweetshop a childs favourite place is a sweetshop so Carol Ann Duffy present is using a simile showing that the atmosphere in her classroom is electrified by excited children as if theyre in their favourite sweet shop. Brady and Hindley these were two child murderers that the children wouldnt cognise about.Carol Ann Duffy, I think, has added these to humiliate them and to show the ratifier that the children are unspoiled and in a totally different world to the murderers. Mrs Tilscher loved you. some(prenominal) mornings, you found shed left a gold star by your name the poet here is showing the reader the relationship between Mrs Tilscher and her children, again referring back to this really happy atmosphere and how Mrs Tilscher puts herself out to keep these children impetuous to learn, maybe, the next country or continent on the globe or looking at Vincent Van Goghs famous paintings. pathetic on to the next stanza, Carol Ann Duffy has started with Over the Easter term, the inky tadpoles changed from commas into exclaiming marks. This is definitely a signal from the poet that the children are growing up. The poet here has put the poem into reality going back to when the reader was at this stage, everyone had the tadpoles experience before Easter then come back and theyd all turned into frogs merely here the poet is putting the children in junction with the tadpoles signifying that they are growing up as well. As you can take in Carol Ann Duffy, the poet, adds something in this stanza that almost everybody has the experience of as a youngster, A rough boy told you how you were born. You kicked him, but stared at your parents, appalled, when you got back home. It was that daylight never to be forgotten, the day you found out that you dont just pop out your mums belly button but everybody, eventually, takes in the truth and carries on with their lives.The next stanza begins. By now the children arent really, in fact, children anymore. Theyve finally reached the final curtain before senior school. They were in their delay term of primary school and what fools they were to believe that this was a relief. That feverish July, the denude tasted of electricity. A tangible alarm made you always untidy, hot, fractious under(a) the heavy, sexy cant over. Here, the poet is just emphasising the summer season and hot brook and I think with the use of the word electricity she means how vastly excited they were about leaving. You asked her how you were born and Mrs Tilscher smiled, then turned away. again referring back to the, once disgusting but now quite interesting, root of sex, here showing that their minds still dont really pauperization to believe it but arent perfectly sure whats confessedly and w hat isnt. Mrs Tilscher smiled, then turned away. Here again emphasising that sex isnt to be found out about at this age and sure as shooting isnt a subject of conversation for the classroom. Reports were handed out. You ran by dint of the gates, intense to be grown, as the sky splits into a thunderstorm. It must be the come through day the children are extremely excited about leaving.First of all, at the end of the day, you get your report and without even saying your last goodbyes youve ran through the gates, but these may not be the gates of your school but the gates to a bumpy ride to hell Impatient to be grown after all the children or should I say young adults have hit the puberty barrier and now want to be just like their mother and father, no longer embarrassed about sex but wanting to be involved with it. As the sky split open into a thunderstorm this is a very hefty use of language, it almost hits the reader. But Carol Ann Duffy is basically showing the reader that the y dont know what theyre in for and could turn out to be horrendous. The use of the word thunderstorm maybe referring back to the hold out because usually after really hot days after days you get a thunderstorm and also could be referring back to the serious world looking back at Child murderers Brady and Hindley.

Blue Nile case study Essay

How tight are the agonistic forces confronting luscious Nile and another(prenominal) online sell jewelers? Do a five-force analysis to support your execute. The rival among the competing sellers in the manufacturing is strong. Competitors for gloomful Nile not only include the online jewelry sellers such as Diamonds.com, Whiteflash.com, Ice.com and JamesAllen.com, but similarly include brick-and-mortar jewelers, compass department stores, mass merchants, local anaesthetic jewelry shop, and large jewelry chains such as Zale and Tiffany. The competitory force from new entrants is moderate to weak.The new entrants of the traditional jewelry exertion will need a large tot up of capital for inventory, conventional tell ons to attract customers, and a strong sales team. For new online jewelry sellers, they also need to find ways to build their brand awareness, establish federation with suppliers, and to keep the procedure costs low to ensure attractive prices. The compe tition from substitute products for jewelry sellers is also moderate to weak. There are man-made diamonds, manmade jewels and alternative jewels. But for naming rings and wedding bands, people would button up choose those real and precious diamonds and materials. Thus, from this aspect, there could not be substitutes for diamonds and pricy jewels. The bargaining power from the buyers is strong since there are galore(postnominal) choices for them to obtain jewelry from. It is easy for customers to change their source for purchase.The bargaining power from the suppliers is strong for the prices for diamond and precious metals depend more than on the exchange commercialize place in the world. There are limited suppliers creating an established oligopoly over the years. 2. What diagnose factors will determine a companys succeeder in the online jewelry stage wrinkle in the next 3-5 years? Key success factors in the online jewelry business include the following ones 1) Lower operation costs to keep prices lower than rivals2) Partnership with suppliers to reduce inventory3) constitute customers trust and loyalty4) Strong e-commerce capabilities5) Manufacture customized products3. What is saturnine Niles dodging? Which of the five generic agonistic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 most virtually fit the hawkish approach that Blue Nile is taking? What type of private-enterprise(a) value is Blue Nile trying to contact? Blue Niles scheme is to be the Best Cost Provider. It provides the customer utmost quality engagement rings, wedding bands and jewelry with low prices to value seeking customers.Blue Nile tries to achieve low costs of its operation and marketing thus maintain its warring advantage in prices. 4. What do you like and dislike more or less Blue Niles business get? Blue Niles business model is to make profits through its online sale of high-quality jewelry at competitive low prices with trusted guidance throughout the purchasing pro cess. The model I like is that it provides value to its suppliers and customers which in return bring close to their profits. The inclination of an orbit costs and supply chain efficiency enable them to achieve this goal. other aspect of the model I like is that they provide a high level of customer service and was continually engaged in refinement the customer service aspects in every step of the purchase order.The business model places great importance on customers satisfaction which would help their business to grow. The model I dont like is that they dont have their own brand of jewelry established and they depend overly much on the jewelry of their suppliers. Quality of their jewelry as salutary as the brand effects could not be competitive with other well-known brands. 5. What does a SWOT analysis of Blue Nile reveal about the overall attractiveness of its situation? Strengths 1). Offer high-quality jewelry at competitive prices 2). Provide great customer services3). Ef ficient supply chain management4). Good monetary condition with a positive amount of cash flows Weakness 1). Brand name not widely accepted as Zale and Tiffany 2). only sell online3). Restricted to US, UK and Canada.Opportunities 1). Growing jewelry market in US2).Many recognitions in the online jewelry industry Threats 1). Competitors from online and offline jewelry retailers 2). seasonal worker sale of jewelry6. What is your appraisal of Blue Niles financial death penalty based on the data in case establish 4? How well is the company doing financially? Is thereevidence that Blue Niles strategy is workingwhat is the story of the numbers in case Exhibit 4? Use the financial ratios in Table 4.1 of Chapter 4 as a guide in doing the calculations needed to arrive at an analysis-based answer to your assessment of Blue Niles recent financial performance.Blue Nile has able competitive strength to compete with its online rivals. It has already created brand awareness and brand loyalty among most of its customers. It also has a large number of jewelry selections thanks to its extensive partnership with jewelry suppliers. The efficient supply management also ensures the low prices of their products. It has built a sustainable competitive advantage in the online retail jewelry business. For offline competitors, Blue Nile should work on pose more marketing efforts to make more people know about their brand and build its brand into a reliable high-quality image. 8. What strategic issues and problems does Blue Nile management need to speak to? Issues and problems Blue Nile Management need to address1). Lack of marketing and advertising makes Blue Nile still unknown to many potential customers. Blue Nile should explore more advertising channels to elevate its brand image. 2). International efforts to reach the global market are slow. They currently only reach out to UK and Canada. Blue Nile should try to tap more potential global market and explore new markets. 9. What recommendations would you make to Blue Nile management to strengthen its competitive position and future strategic and financial performance? Blue Nile management should keep on providing customers jewelry at low costs while maintain its high quality of jewelry and customer services. Reducing the costs would help ensure the low prices and continuous efforts on educating the customers and assuring their purchase decisions would help Blue Nile to strengthen its competitive position.

Activity Intended for Enhancing a Skill Essay

This paper examines the effectiveness of the practise that is carried come forth in order to enhance a particular aptitude. The activity of go letters into lyric is selected and carried out as a game amongst the members of an identified radical with the main objective being attainment of better group accomplishment and development. The paper examines the microscope stage of response achieved in the learning with the help of the intended activity.The game of Turning Letters into Words is an activity that is chosen to improve the development and performance of a group and is a great tool to develop knowledge abilities and skills through participation. Dividing the whole group into smaller groups helps in building a structured approach towards overlap group objective. This activity creates a stimulating learning environment for each member and hones their behavioral skills to maximize the teams performance and development. altogether the members participate fully in terms gi ving individual constituent as well as working together with others.Being an intrinsical part of the team and having the responsibility of making the maximum words potential with the provided letters, gives a boost to the team spirit. Each member is then sibyllic to question oneself about whether the letters contributed by him/her helped or restricted the team members in making the most of the needed long words. This brings out the whimsy of cohesiveness and suppresses the individualistic approach, which helps in rapid increase in performance levels.The collective act of choosing the letters and making maximum words non just brings the members together, but also promotes the feeling of trust, cooperation and the winning streak. The feeling of competing at the group level helps he members to cope with the distinct behaviors and perspectives, without getting into the hellish game. Each member strives to achieve the maximum number of words by unknowingly working towards the stren gths and weaknesses of their own teams and articulating the teams vision.The activity of forming words as a team helps in establishing clear team guidelines, objectives and a well thought out team orientation process. The process of social occasion the individual performance with the teams overall performance piece of music working at a high capacity in the hold role augments the group development to accomplish the maximum performance. However, a end scrutiny of the team members reaction reveals that the age group is a substantial factor in defining the individuals response to much(prenominal) skill enhancing activities.The different set of values and attitude characterize the sort the older generation is not so rapid with coming up with new words. The newer generation however responds more quickly to such skill grinding activities. Therefore, it earth-closet be concluded that strategically designed activities can surely be used to facilitate requisite skills such as yielding performance metrics, provided the management is well knowledgeable about the degree of responsiveness. References http//www. teambuildingportal. com/games/turning-letters-words. php

Night school MBA Essay

For a film-maker, viewers perspective is both- primary(prenominal). Towards this end, he uses exertions, contrasts, visual patterns, narrative emphasis etc. Mis En Scene refers to arrangement of all the visual elements of a theatrical production, inwardly the fixed area allotted-the stage. It has 4 formal elements 1. The physical setting and decor, 2. The present of the action, 3. The manner in which these elements are framed. 4. The manner in which they are photographed fashioning picture shows a co-operative effort they represent the triumph not of a single department, that the blending of all.Setting The story is set in the shark-infested amnionic fluid of corporate mergers. The physical merger (romance) is the foundation of the story and increases the share range of this movie. For Tess it is the far cry from the Staten Island Ferry to Manhattan. She was too brilliant for the low localise that she occupied. Her ideas catch the whim of her boss so some(prenominal) th at she is leave behinding to detach it as her own. She does it in a clandestine operation. The opening credits certify the camera pans over the skyscrapers of rising York City. The rousing tune close to the modern Jerusalem plays.For the modern materialistic generation akin Tess, radical York is the consecrate place. It aspires to reach the secret ambitions and achieve something substantial. But advancement is not all that easy and simple. Many are compelled to perform tasks and pursue careers, where there is no scope of advancement. But fortune favors the brave, they say. Tess realizes that she needs to change and her talents testament by all odds help her at the appropriate stage. Her boss goes on medical leave, and she acts boss, goes beyond the instructions given to her.But her craze for mastery is so much she is up to doing anything, including going to bed with her business associate. One of the crucial and arouse cycloramas in the film, as Tesss boss forces Train er to make a critical choice. Katherine recoups her original health, returns, comes to k today about the business-adventures of Tess, she has no hesitation to air her to her place on the corporate food chain. The film has 7 weighty filming locations, viz. mankind Trade C envision, Manhattan, New York City and New York etc. The story is creative and witty. Mike Nichols direction is laudable and in the highest form.The fine supporting impression also features Cusack and the always dependable Phillip Bosco. Carly Simons wonderful song won an Oscar. The soundtrack, featuring Carly Simon and the St. Thomas boys choir, is sublime. When Let the River Run hits as the camera pulls away from Melanie within her new office in the World Trade Center you can only realize that how beautiful is disembodied spirit Sit through and through with(predicate) and enjoy the magnificent helicopter shot of the New York Skyline and Staten Island Ferry during the opening credits, with Carly Simons award- winning theme contend on the soundtrack.You will feel elated and the first impact will be the everlasting impact. It is an unforgettable experience for the lifetime. 2. Lighting The use of mis-en-scene is about objectively utilized in the scenery, costumes and e specificly the lighting. The narrative compiles a majority of dark scenes with a careful use of low-key illumination and many shadows. These low-light settings make the viewer to express feelings toward the characters and their actions. The close-up camera shots of the characters faces come apart the emotions they wish to portray whether they are talking or making a statement through silence.The lights whether focused upon a single performer or spread to include the entire scene, need been consistently good. The dancing scene has been done to perfection. Tess leaps with happiness and uneasiness, and the light effect makes the audience concentrate its solicitude on this particular pair, and catch their expression beaut ifully right through the scene in the bedroom. The results of the light from source to object extradite been abruptly executed. There is no offensive and unreal glare. The loveliest light, the modern artist will say, and say truly, is reflected light. 3. Costumes and Make-up. Tess is a sex-pot with a night school MBA.From her baby hair, the fault to new estimable hair make-up, (to imitate her boss on sick-leave) and her admittance to Katherines jam is an interesting part of the movie. She poses as a broker in her Donna Karan suits. Later it is fascinating to watch her rapid varyation to swirling dinner gown gowns and dancing feet, which ultimately lead her to the bed. Tess McGill (Melanie Griffith) is one among the masses in Manhattan. She is even so to adopt the Manhattan style of life, happy with her huge blonde hair, an old wardrobe and for easy walking, she sports tennis shoes. This was not expected of the working girl of the 1980s.Her getup blocks her progress. Her ma le colleagues make fun of her career ambitions. She has the intelligence of the genius, plainly success eludes her for sometime, but not for all time. When ultimately she becomes the boss, her dress sense goes metamorphous change. Then modernization achieved as for her dress and hair is excellent. The stuffed rabbit that Tess sets on her desk when she arrives at her new job shows her child-like innocence. It was made by teddy lodge artist Gae Sharp. It was purchased at the Mables in New York. Director Mike Nichols subsequently visited the store and ordered five more than rabbits to give to important cast members.Something about the Best Supporting Actress Cusack She excels in more than one scene. Her reception to the expensive dress from the wardrobe of the boss, as she tells Tess, with the line 5000 dolluhs Its not even leather, the last word emphatically pronounced LEH-thuh as if the price tag on the dress were a working-class faux pas. In that scene, Griffith as Tess nearly faints. 4. Staging or actors movement and gestures. The gestures of the boss speaking out her headspring very tactfully and but you need not be a psychologist to understand what actually transpires within the secret chambers of her brain.Her seriousness is deceptive. There is a discerning mind at work, and the way it has been captured calls for admiration. Katharine Parker, a breezy, insensitive sexist who by now dwells that her secretary is brilliant, pretends to help her. Id love to help you, but you cant busy the quarterback with passing out the Gatorade, Katharine says. Tess, you know you dont get anywhere in this world by waiting for what you want to come to you. You make it happen. Katharine further asserts. And theres more treachery, which can be called as the white-collar crime. Bring me your ideas and well unwrap what we can make happen. Some side-kicks make the movie hilarious and griping. No doubt, Tess is making the best of the destiny-sent opportunity to her, where as her boss is waiting for the broken study to come to terms. But the fear element is always therewhat if she is clear at the most unsuspected moment In one ghost scene, she gets up to fetch the coffee when she has in fact been offered some. Tess gum-popping sister (jazzy Joan Cusak) is dismay over her pretend success Sometimes I sing and dance around the house in my underwear. That doesnt make me Madonna, she warns. Tess has her own problems relating to her past-life. She has a boy-friend (Alec Baaldwin), not very polished, by any standards. Just care-free The movie is photographed by Michael Ballhaus. Structurally, the film has some parallels with The Graduate, Nichols 1967 classic including a climactic scene where an important ceremony is interrupted by the wrong person bursting in through the door. The photography is luscious. The Statue of Liberty is often shown it is the symbol of opportunity, which a girl like Tess is able to grasp. She has proved how sex and money go han d in hand. A girls best friend is Capitalism.The important perspective of the movie is the transformation of the mindset of Tess, and her realization that she is capable of achieving more with her life. She is seized of the discern that there are astounding opportunities in New York. The initial defeat and the eventual confidence gestate been ably handled by Melanie Griffith. She still maintains her soft inner nature. But now she is the tough business executive. Somewhere in the corner of her mind, she visualizes the collapse of the whole edifice. In the meantime, her ex-boy friend is making expansive efforts to win her back, and earnestly looks forward to her failure.Tess is shown to be quite uncertain about the future eclipse of her career and what telling effect it will have on her life. All these uncertain situations and movement and gestures of the concerned actors around Tess, have been ably shown and acted. The main characters of the movie are not strong, the plot as su ch is pedestrian, and yet the movie provides one with the worthwhile experience, because it relates to the trials and tribulations of the working women. What makes the movie click is the element of humor and the romanticism. But this is not a serious classic plot.The great performances (Oscar award winning) and real-life dialogues, make viewing an interesting experience. The master struggles of Tess mixed with romance, keep the story going. Element of suspense is interwoven throughout the story in one form or the other. The level of imagination in acting by the minor characters like the duplicitous familiar is memorable. (Portrayed with an adequate balance of arrogance and warmth, by Alec Baldwin). Conclusion There are sterling soulfulness performances, but what matters is the collective effort.The comminuted and the big characters have rendered faultless justice to their respective roles and responsibilities, by taking charge of the small and big issues nicely. As for Tess, it is the same old story. God sees the Truth, but how extensive is the man (woman) to wait Tess is no more willing to wait to enter the portals of success. They say having gone for a sea-bath, dont be dismayed of the oncoming waves. If the waves are powerful, duck them if the waves are friendly, dance with them when the waves are public swim further, deep into the sea. .. The opening song of the movie seems to set the destruction in the forthcoming life of Tess.Tess takes off her sneakers and puts on her high-heeled shoes. She is up to set out a new life, the life of the working girl, to which sun-rise and sun-set will have special meanings. She will learn to budget her time and regulate her life. She will transform herself from an ordinary yes Sir, yes Madam, secretary to a noticeable executive with powers. Her high pitch ambitions that were dreams now take concrete shape. Gone are the days, when she consoled her conscience that it is develop to deserve without receiving, than to receive without deserving. Now the watchword of her life is success at all times, and success at all costsWomen have more than one enemy. Women executives and the male colleagues, each one up to their special interests In case of Tess, her boss would not tolerate or accept her brilliance. Her hypothesis is the boss is always right Working Girl 1988 is a meretricious romantic comedy, and yet it is not The inner core of every individual desires and loves perfection, wishes to reach the portals of spirituality by transcending the mind barriers, live for the ideals which one cherishes, but Satan is up to his ways to perturb the one treading the right path. He doesnt like the honest brilliance of Tess. He makes her compromise with her character.

Financial circumstances Essay

The beau monde was a well growing established retailer industry in the commercialise, how ever cod to the scandal charges against Wickes. This caused a lot damage to caller-up itself, it gave Wickes a bad status in the market and also they were contraband listed which meant that the comp whatever had a poor financial history so thusly in the future they allow be refused on credit products and any other kind of financial circumstances. On the same day the gild got black listed which was on the 25th June 1996, the resolve of the scandal was exposed to the public.The announcement of the scandal instantaneously affected the social clubs market honour to 150 million pound and the stock was suspended from London market trading. So in order for Wickes to operate the argument back to the demeanor it was they refurbished its corporate management and also made emends with any sh areholders and suppliers they had. This took the company a good two years of hard farmment. Bye the end of 1998 the companys profits increased by 653 million pound so therefore sales rise by 27%. They instituted three pertly stores and redesigned locations to include ornamental and garden commodities.The fraud scandal could scram been frustrateable in many ways, Wickes became aware of this misadventure when scandal exteriors and auditors thoroughly manipulate the books and notice the major extensive changes. How ever this could contain been notice at an early stage. Wickes could carry out monthly or yearly check ups on transactions account to notice any changes or defalcate mistakes occurred in the business. Wickes could employee national audit internal audit will repair the function of the organisation and consulting action which will be intended to land value to the business, along side meeting the companys objectives.The organisations objectives will be achieved by bringing an efficient approach to evaluate and develop the efficiency of risk management, control and gove rnance processes. Although to bring in an internal audit to check the operation of the business yearly will be expensive. In my opinion I personally think that Wickes will be able to pay for the expense of an internal audit as they are a fast established business which creates good profit. This will be beneficial for the business as a whole.Another suggestion to prevent the scandal could be to have good ethics and standards in place. The following(a) charges which were made on the defendant were producing simulated statement and giving false information to the auditor (Arthur Andersen), so therefore Wickes could locate a agreement which contains a principle of governing morality and acceptable conduct. They could do this by producing a code of ethics which all the employees will have to fallow and can not be broken. Therefore the company will have strict rules and have control over their employees.This will help the business to be safe and prevent employee misbehaviour. An additi onal idea is to direct various position to different individuals Henry Sweetbaum was the companys former chairman and caput executive. So therefore Wickes could have given two individuals them to positions alternatively of just giving it to one individual. If they were two individuals directed for them positions then they would have had an inter link with one another jobs and would have been aware of what each(prenominal) one is undertaking.So therefore I personally think that the incident of the scandal would have occurred earlier than later if the former chairman and chief executive roles were given to two individual instead of just one. In conclusion I personally think that the fraud scandal which arose in 1996 for Wickes was a huge turn around for the company and now due to this incident they will be more careful now in the future. Wickes will be more alert and aware of how to minimise the risks and the hazard which occur in a scandal.Referencinghttp//www.telegraph.co.uk/ht mlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1996/10/17/cwick17.html

Finanacial Evaluation of Unilever

elude of Contents Table of Content3 List of Tables4 Table 1 6 1. Introduction2 2. Main Body2 3. Management Structure4 4. Ability to Earn Income 5 5. Size of parentage Held5 6. Relience on Debt Financing5 7. Key Indicators for 2011 and 20126 8. gainfulness of var. Product Lines and geographic Regions 6 Table 28 9. FINANCIAL RATIOS FOR UNILEVER10 9. 1 Ope proportionalityns Analysis10 9. 2 Liquidity Analysis12 9. 3 Debt and Solvency Analysis 14 9. 4 hitability Analysis15 5. CONCLUSION16 come OF REFERENCES17 IntroductionWhen evaluating a company important is to know companys history, carrying outs and the nature of the business in which it operates. On other hand by reviewing companys fiscal statements, opeproportionnal pract applesauces we put forward evaluate its carrying out and compare it with the previous age or with the key competitors. By analyzing its monetary indicators we can assess how profitsable and sound the company is. This research musical theme will give bri ef description Unilever, its main divisions and products, its troubles mental synthesis and the financial achievement evaluation, with an aim to highlight the best practices and the exploitation drivers.Main Body 2. 1 Profile of the company, its divisions, products and write out chain Unilever is multinational corporation and is one of the worlds disruptive moving consumer easilys companies with a host of well known brands. The company operates by and through four segments Personal Care, Foods, Refreshment, and Home Care. Unilever is a joint venture of cardinal companies that date back from the late nineteen century. It was formed by devil Dutch families, Jurgens and Van den Bergh, butter merchants who later started producing margarine and by the British soap producer William Hesketh Lever.Since the early nineteen century the ii companies were concentrated on acquisitions and in the early 1929 they signed an agreement to vex Unilever (Unilever, 1929 p. 2). Unilever ov er the last two decades acquired the meat business Zwanenbergs at Oss, Lipton International, Brooke Bond, Naarden, Calvin Klein and Elizabeth Arden/Faberge, Brayers ice cream, Kibon ice cream, Bestfoods, Slim Fast Foods, Ben & Jerrys and the Amora-Maille. In 1992 Unilever entered the Czech Republic and Hungary, and effected UniRus in Russia, also enters in India and other vocalizations of the world. (Unilever, 1995 p. 3) Unilever N.V. operates as a fast-moving consumer goods company in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Turkey, Europe, and the Americas Unilever possesses a portfolio of more than 400 brands, from nutrition all toldy balanced foods to indulgent ice creams, affordable soaps, luxurious shampoos and everyday family line care products. Their products are sold in more than 190 countries, generating gross revenue of 51 million in 2012. In the 21st century they launched fruit strategies, in order to transform the business, leading to more acquisitions, rationalization of ma nufacturing and merchandise sites to form centers of excellence.Unilever is responding quickly to rapid shifts in consumer behavior by expend in Research and Development and changing market conditions. Unilevers sells its product across 170 countries and their procurement teams are purchasing from a network of round 160,000 suppliers worldwide. For the same reason its suppliers materials and services are an integral part of their commercialised operations. Unilever has integrated supply management informational system that helps their local, regional and global supply managers to make appropriate sourcing decisions, allowing them to analyze information quickly and easily.Through this system they can negotiate with their suppliers in a more transparent and efficient way. Unilevers largest global competitors are Procter & Gamble and Nestle. While the competition in local markets or specific product ranges from numerous companies, including Beiersdorf, ConAgra, Danone, Henkel, Ma rs, Pepsico, and others (Unilever) Management Structure Maintaining good governing body is one of the essentials factors for the long-term achievement of the company. For the same reason Unilever is engaged in conducting its operations in accordance with internationally accepted principles of good incorporate governance.The success of Unilever is receivable to a combination of structural globeity and managerial flexibility. Being a company that is present for more than a century, that operated in changing and transitional environment, is evidence of a flexible management structure that made Unilever successful (Floris 1992,p. 6). Learning through a trial and delusion Unilever has focused on two reliable and related practices to strengthen all structural limitings recruitment and training of high-quality managers, and the importance of linking decentralized units through a common corporate farming (yearly report 2012 p. 5) Unilevers companies maintain formal processes to info rm, consult and involve employees. They recognize collective bargaining on a number of sites and engage with employees. Their usage of sites dicks such as check originative Maintenance rely heavily on employee involvement, contribution and commitment (Annual piece 2012 p. 28). The profitable growth that Unilever accomplishes is mainly due and is achieved through the right state functional in an organization that is fit to win and with a culture in which performance is aligned with values.Unilever has built an employer brand development tool which leverages best practice, and adapts recruitment models to reach the best people worldwide. The better recruitment, family-friendly workings conditions, a culture of accountability, initiatives, and remuneration represent one of the crucial factors for the success which it achieves (Annual chronicle 2012, p. 66). Ability to earn income Unilevers ability to earn income has change magnitude due to the increase in revenue. In 2012 their ability to earn income has change magnitude by 8. % compared with 2011, and with no changes from 2010 to 2011 (Annual spread over 2012/11, p. 32 p. 24). Size of inventory held millionsmillionsmillions Inventories 201220112010 fresh materials and consumables1. 5171. 5381. 554 Finished goods and goods for resale2. 9193. 0172. 753 4. 4364. 6014. 307 Source www. unilever. com The size of inventory during the last three socio-economic classs was moving closely. The raw materials and consumables from 2010 to 2011 change magnitude by 1% and in 2012 by 1. 3%. On the other hand the finished goods and goods for resale increase by 8. 5 in 2011 and a decrease of 3. 35% in 2012. This change in the finished goods and goods for resale was charged to the income statement for damaged, obsolete and lost inventories (Annual Report 2012/11, p. 113). Reliance on debt financing The net debt position in 2011 was 8. 781 billion or 2. 1 billion high than the last family, in part due to the acquisiti on of Alberto Culver (Annual Report 2011, p. 28). In 2012 the net debt was 7. 355 billion, or 1. 4 billion bring down than 2011.The cash outflow from acquisitions, dividends, tax, net groovy disbursal and touch on, and the negative impact of foreign exchange rates exceeded the cash inflow from operating activities and business disposals. The leverage ratio reveals that 32% of the financing its cover by debt (Annual Report 2012, p. 36). Key indicators for 2011 and 2012 The sales growth of Unilever in 2011 increased by 6. 5% and volume growth by 1. 6%. acclivitous markets delivered 11. 5% underlying sales growth and disturbance of 5% compared to 2010 (Annual Report 2011, p. 9). In 2012 the sale growth increased by 6. % and volume growth increase of 3. 4%. Emerging markets represented 55% of the turnover or 11. 6% of sales and turnover of 10. 5% compared to 2011 (Annual Report 2012, p. 9). Profitability of confused product lines and geographical regions The region with the high est turnover, sales and volume growth in 2011 and 2012 is Asia, Africa and Central & Eastern Europe with over 20. 5 billion of turnover in 2012 and 18. 9 in 2011. Followed by Americas 17. 1 billion in 2012 and 15. 3 in 2011. the last is Western Europe with turnover of 13. 9 in 2012 and 12. in 2011 (Annual Report 2012/11, p. 10) Table 2 grammatical constructions for Financial proportionalitys (Methodology) rulesNumber 1. Activities (operating(a)) ratios document disturbance = COGS/average inventory1. 1 clean number age in stock =365 long time/inventory turnover1. 1. 1 Receivables Turnover = Net gross revenue/average receivables 1. 2 Av. Number of days receivables not bad(p) =365days/receivables turnover 1. 2. 1 explanation knuckle underable Turnover =Cost of Sale/ norm Acc. Payable 1. 3 Av. N. of days correctables outstanding =365days/payable turnover1. 3. 1 workings slap-up Turnover =Sales/ fair(a) Working Capital . 4 laid asset turnover =net sales/av. Net fixed a ssets1. 5 Asset Turnover Ratio= Net Sales/ mean(a) fall Asset1. 6 Liquidity ratios Current Ratio= Current Assets/Current Liabilities2. 1. firm Ratio= ((Cash + sellable Securities)+ Acc. Receivables)/Current Liabilities2. 2 Cash Ratio =(Cash + Marketable Securities)/Current Liabilities2. 3 Cash Flow From Operations Ratio = chief financial officer/Current Liabilities2. 4 Solvency ratios Debt to Capital Ratio= Total Debt/Total Capital3. 1 Times Interest Earned Ratio= EBIT/Interest Expense3. 2 chief financial officer to Debt Ratio=chief financial officer/Total Debt3. 3Total Debt Ratio=Total Liabilities/Total Assets3. 4 Leverage Ratio= Long term debt/ (Long term debt+ Shareholders equity)3. 5 Profitability ratios blunt Profit gross profit margin= Gross Profit/Net Sales4. 1 Operating Profit Margin = Operating Income/Net Sales4. 2 Pre tax revenue Margin = EBT/Sales4. 3 issue on Assets= EBIT/Average Total Assets4. 4 Return on Total Capital= (Net Income + Interest Expense)/(Long-Term debt + faithfulness)4. 5 Return On Total Equity = Net Income/Average Total Equity 4. 6 Authors own sources FINANCIAL RATIOS FOR UNILEVER 9. 1. Operational analysis Formula 1. 1 Formula 1. 1. Average inventory2010 =3942. 5 Average inventory2011 =4454 Average inventory2012=4518. 5 Inventory turnover ratio2010 =6. 57 Average number days in stock2010 =55. 6 days Inventory turnover ratio2011 = 6. 27 Average number days in stock2011 = 58. 2 days Inventory turnover ratio2012 = 6. 53 Average number days in stock2012 = 55days destination In socio-economic class 2012 UN has performed better. higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) the ratio, better it is. Which means that in 2012 it required 55 days to turnover(renew its inventory) Formula 1. 2 Formula 1. 2. 1 Average receivebles2010 =2424. 5 Average receivebles2011 = 2719Average receivebles2012 =3666. 5 Receivables Turnover 2010 = 18. 23 Av. Number of days receivables outstanding2010 =20days Receivables Turnover 2011 =17. 09 Av. Number of days receivables outstanding2011 =21. 3days Receivables Turnover 2012 =14 Av. Number of days receivables outstanding2012 =26days ratiocination In stratum 2010 UN has performed better. Higher the ratio, better it is. Which means that in 2010 it required 20 days to collect its receivables from customers. Formula 1. 3 Formula 1. 3. 1 Average payables2010 = 5006 Average payables2011 = 6398. 5 Average payables2012 = 9217Account Payable Turnover 2010 = 5. 1 Av. N. of days payables outstanding 2010 =71. 56days Account Payable Turnover 2011 = 4. 36 Av. N. of days payables outstanding 2011 = 83. 6days Account Payable Turnover 2012 = 3. 2 Av. N. of days payables outstanding 2012 =114days Conclusion In year 2012 UN has performed better. Lower the ratio, better it is. Which means that in 2012 it required 114 days do pay its liabilities. By extending the period the company enables financing of its operation activities. Formula 1. 4 Average working capital2010 = -931 Average working capital 2011 = -2356Average working capital2012 = -3653 Working Capital Turnover2010 = -47. 54 Working Capital Turnover2011 = -19. 72 Working Capital Turnover2012 = -14 Conclusion In year 2012 UN has performed better. Higher the ratio, better it is. Which means that in 2012 UN had more efficient utilization of the working capital, needed for maintaining trustworthy level of sales, and even though it is negative we can see crisp decrease during the precedent years. Formula 1. 5 Average fix assets2010 = 6218 Average fix assets2011 =7033 Average fix assets2012 =8404 Fixed asset Turnover2010= 7. 11Fixed asset Turnover2011= 6. 6 Fixed asset Turnover2012= 6. 1 Conclusion In year 2010 UN has higher ratio. This means that in 2010 UN had more efficient utilization of the long-term capital investments. Formula 1. 6 Average total assets2010 =39094 Average total assets2011 =44342 Average total assets2012 =46839 Asset Turnover Ratio 2010 = 1. 13 Asset Turnover Ratio 2011 = 1. 048 Asset Turnover Ratio 2012 = 1. 1 Conclusion In year 2010 and 2012 UN has higher ratio. This means that had higher and more efficient performance of the company. 9. 2 Liquidity analysis Formula 2. 1Current Ratio2010 = 0. 92 Current Ratio2011 = 0. 79 Current Ratio2012 = 0. 76 Conclusion In year 2010 UN has higher ratio. A commonly acceptable current ratio is 1. 5-2. This level of ratio whitethorn show than UN cannot meet its short-term financial obligations. Formula 2. 2 dissolute Ratio2010 = 0. 36 Quick Ratio2011 =0. 37 Quick Ratio2012 =0. 46 Conclusion In year 2012 UN has higher ratio. This means that in 2012 UN was more financially ripe to meet its short-term financial obligations. Commonly acceptable current ratio is 1, but may vary from industry to industry. Formula 2. 3Cash Ratio2010 =0. 179 Cash Ratio2011 = 0. 21 Cash Ratio2012 = 0. 182 Conclusion In year 2011 UN has higher ratio. This indicates that in 2011 UN has good level of liquid assets which can be easily used to pay its current obligation s. Formula 2. 4 CFO Ratio2010 = 0. 4034 CFO Ratio2011 =0. 3 CFO Ratio2012 =0. 432 Conclusion In year 2012 UN has higher ratio. This indicates that in 2012 UN current liabilities were cover by the cash flow generated from operations. 9. 3 Debt and solvency analysis Formula 3. 1 Debt to Capital Ratio2010 = 1. 18 Debt to Capital Ratio2011 = 1. 44Debt to Capital Ratio2012 = 1. 308 Conclusion In year 2011 UN has higher ratio. This means that in 2011 UN has low level of capital that is financed through debt. Formula 3. 2 Times interest earned2010 = 6. 46 Times interest earned2011 = 11. 66 Times interest earned2012 = 12. 87 Conclusion In year 2012 UN has higher ratio. This means that in 2012 UN can 13 times make the interest payments on its debt with its EBIT, or this means that it easily can pay interest expenses on outstanding debt. Formula 3. 3 CFO to Debt Ratio 2010 = 0. 21 CFO to Debt Ratio 2011 =0. 16 CFO to Debt Ratio 2012 =0. 25 Conclusion In year 2012 UN has higher ratio. This mea ns that in 2012 UN has higher ability to cover the total debt from the cash flow from operations Formula 3. 4 Total Debt Ratio 2010 =0. 63 Total Debt Ratio 2011 =0. 68 Total Debt Ratio 2012 =0. 66 Conclusion In year 2010 UN has lower ratio. This means that in 2010 UN risk is lower and the company relies less on debt to finance its assets. Formula 3. 5 Leverage Ratio 2011 =0. 38=38% Leverage Ratio 2012 =0. 32=32% Conclusion In year 2012 UN has lower ratio. This means that in 2012 Unilever had 32% of its financing covered by debt. . 4 Profitability Analysis Formula 4. 1 Gross Profit Margin 2010 = 0. 41 Gross Profit Margin 2011 = 0. 39 Gross Profit Margin 2012 = 0. 45 Conclusion In year 2012 UN has higher ratio. This means that in 2012 UN has higher earnings taking into consideration the be that it incurs for producing its products. Formula 4. 2 Operating Profit Margin 2010 = 0. 144 Operating Profit Margin 2011 = 0. 142 Operating Profit Margin 2012 = 0. 137 Conclusion In year 2010 UN has higher ratio. This means that in 2010 UN profit left after paying its variable costs was higher.Formula 4. 3 Pre-tax Margin 2010 = 0. 06 Pre-tax Margin 2011 = 0. 123 Pre-tax Margin 2012 = 0. 122 Conclusion In 2011 and 2012 UN has high ratio. This indicates that in 2011 and 2012 UN had greater profitability, comparing it with 2010 when it was two times lower. Formula 4. 4 Average Total assets2010 = 39094 Average Total assets2011 =44342 Average Total assets2012 =46839 ROA 2010 = 10. 8% ROA 2011 = 9. 58% ROA 2012 = 9. 56% Conclusion In year 2010 UN has higher ratio which suggest that it has earned more capital and invested less in assets. Formula 4. 5ROC2010 = 11. 36% ROC2011 = 21. 14% ROC2012 = 22. 3% ConclusionIn 2012 UN has higher ratio which indicates the event that UN is achieving from the capital employed and this return has doubled from 2010 to 2011/12. Formula 4. 6 ROE2010 = 28. 14% ROE2011 = 28. 49% ROE2012 = 29. 25% Conclusion In 2012 UN has higher ratio which indicate s a high level of profit UN earned in comparison to the total amount of shareholder equity. This ratio measures how profitable Unilever is for the owners of the investment, and how profitably the company employs its equity. ConclusionThe purpose of this paper was to reveal the financial performance of Unilever and to make an evaluation and assessment of the firms management structure and what contributes to the success they achieve and key figures and ratios. The financial position of Unilever for 2012 was admirable, due to the fact that had increased revenues, sales and volume growth of its divisions worldwide and decreased net debt. The compared data for 2010,2011, and 2012 show continuous improvement and increase of their financial position. List of references Unilever site www. unilever. comAnnual Report 2012, Available at http//www. unilever. com/images/ir_Unilever_AR12_tcm13-348376. pdf Accessed date 05/03/2012 Annual Report 2011, Available at http//www. unilever. com/images/U nilever_AR11_tcm13-282960_tcm13-348380. pdf Accessed date 07/03/2012 Floris M. (1992), Inside Unilever The Evolving Transnational Company, Harvard trade Review Vol. 70 Issue 5, p46-52, EBSCO Host http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=4=8aace911-769a-43f3-9949-b4364f9185cf%40sessionmgr111=124=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=bth=9301105365 Accessed date 09/03/2012

Sexual Assault Law Reform

During the sasss -sasss significant integrity renew alonet againstes were initiated referable to a wish f Just outcomes for the dupe and a pretermit of support from society. Changes to ordinance admitd the broadening of the definition of informal assault, resulted in attention being taken a elbow room from the complainants personality traits and sexual history and shifted attention besides the accused behaviors. Further more it out ratified philosophyed the trans get alongion of Martial rapine entirely). This also helped to change victims sentiment in society, as breach victims were socially condemned because of their experiences.In spite of these significant changes sexual assault typefaces return the lowest personality of lilts verdicts and the highest coquette rate of any nuisance per capita (Australian ins papute of family studies) . This assessment allow firstly examine the condition in society, which led to the law clear up mechanism in the asss. Thes e purifys were amendments to the Crimes do work 1900. A illustration study get out high spot the condition, which led to these changes. Following will identify and evaluate yet significant amendments of the crimes travel and their changes to lawmaking.A case study will also highlight this, demonstrating the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of these changes. Further on will include another law reform, discussing its flaws and fair-mindedness to society and victims. Throughout the 19th and twentieth centuries, women were deemed as property of their father or husbands. Throughout this period sexual assault was bashn as rapine. Any form of rape was viewed as damaging or devaluing a mans property. This reflects a completely male dominate society, where as women be viewed as objects, instead of human beings.The heinous act of marital rape was not seen as a recognizable constitutive(a) offence and was not punishable, as men were ranted marital immunity and a right to sexually involve himself with his partner regardless. As Sir Matthew Hale, Chief arbiter, mid-17th century, England verbalize The husband cannot be guilty of rape committed by himself upon his true(a) wife, for by their mutual matrimonial take and contract the wife hath disposed up herself in this kind unto her husband, which she cannot retract. Hale 2014) Traditionally victims in motor inn were cross-examined using intimidation and humiliating techniques, degrading the victims integrity, twisting events and manipulating laws and precedents in baffle to disprove sexual offence allegations. Defendants in address were defend by highlighting that victims were asking to be sexually assaulted by salad dressing seductively or acting in a licentious manner, period also make references to their sexual history. It was also parking lotly believed, that if a victim failed to report the incident immediately, it was a false allegation.This indicates a lack of adjective fairness, as victims were not given the right of a fair trail, reflecting at a lower place the belt and unfair social values. Outcomes were influenced by sexual activity, instead of fact, contradicting an ethical and Just profound system. (Laughlin, Van De Catch, Mays, & Hunter, 2007). The ease of VGA v the Queen provides evidence of a case highlighting an ineffective Justice system before significant law reforms. The defendant (VGA) was charged in 2010 for the rape of his spouse in 1963.While in motor hotel, he argued that he could not be effectively prosecuted because Martial rape was not a recognized crime and did not exist in any form of legislation at the time. He also argued that if he was found guilty, it would break the doctrine against the retrospective application of laws. Prior to law reform, this evidence implies a weak court procedure and subsequent lack of just outcomes for the victim (B sensationy, 1985). On July 14th 1981, sparked by female advocacy, representing victims of gender i nequality, the NEWS government passed the Crime (Sexual rapine) Amendment act 1981.This amendment was a change to the Crimes Act 1900. The aims of the legislation were to make significant changes also flawed well-grounded system, for two society and victims. It was anticipated that the amendments would protect complainants from promote discrimination under the intelligent system fancy up the bit of assault reports and sentences speed up the process of Justice along with the conviction of Guilty partys, whilst maintaining the invitational rights of the accused and march as a platform for educating the community in changing their attitudes towards victims of sexual assault (Boney, 1985).The common law charge of Rape and attempted rape were revoked and replaced within three sections of sexual assault. They differed in seriousness and also direct of sentencing. The definition of sexual intercourse was broadened to include a larger intersect of sexual acts. The husband and you th under 14 immunity acts were revoked, making marital rape a recognized and punishable crime. The amendment also introduced legislation, which discredit a victims sexual history as sable evidence. (Boney, 1985) The crimes (Sexual Assault) Amendment Act 1981 are the most important part of sexual assault law reform history.It improved society opinion of victims and increased confidence to report assault.. Although it did raise the number of sexual assault being reported, if failed to critically increase the number of guilty verdicts. Less than fifty percent of the defendants appearing in court are sentenced as guilty (Boney, 1985) . In response to a series of brutal junto rapes in Sydney in 2001, the NEWS government introduced further changes to the Crimes act 1900. This was called the Crimes Amendment ( alter sexual assault in company) 2001.Aggravated sexual assault is define as sexual assault in circumstance of aggravation, inflicting grievous bodied hard, committing the offen ce while being in a group of people, slit the victim or the victim being under consensual be on or the victim have a serious physical or psychological disability, thus ruling out the possibility of willing consent. (NEWS Victims service Attorney general and Justice) This legislation was enacted for the purpose of discouraging gangs of predominantly males of committing gang rape.Gang rape is the act of a group of sexual assault offenders committing the act of sexual assault on one or more victims one after the other. It gave Judges a set emotional state sentence for the crime of gang rape, instead punishment as they see fit. The case below analyses the implications of a lack of a set sentence and the problems that arise (The step down Dictionary 2014) . In 2002 a series of gang rapes occurred throughout the metropolis of Sydney, lead by Muslim man, Bilabial air force.USAF and his accomplices were charged with multiple offences including worsen indecency, perverting the course o f Justice, aggravated sexual intercourse thou consent and aggravated indecent assault in company. Multiple victims suffered at the hands of USAF and his followers, some of these accomplices being his own relations (NEWS parliament library seek program) . USAF was originally sentenced to fifty-five years in Goal with no Parole. This sentence was later reduced to forty-six year after an appeal to the criminal court, to which e appealed again and was granted 26 years.The importance of this case is the sub judice comes that were raised which led to significant amendments. Some of these issues are as follows (HOC Legal studies topic). Due to a Jury misconduct during Safe court procedure, Safe case was retried. This caused a backlash in society due to negated taxpayer money, based on Safe need for legal aid. He demanded a Muslim lawyer, after claiming all white lawyers were racist. This reflects a waste of society resources (HOC Legal studies topic). In addition to this issue, there w as the emotional mental unsoundness from the victims of USAF at the thought of refining him in court.One victim quoted I wish they were dead, run over by a bus. The victim highlights the ineffectiveness and insensitivity of the legal system. The fact of a re-trial demonstrates natural Justice for the accused, but demonstrates unjust gaps for the victim (HOC Legal studies topic). Due to the re-trial in the case, a victim impact statement was necessary. The psychological and physical impact on the victim caused by Safe actions was substantial. The idea of victims refining their attackers more than at once highlight the inefficacy of the court system and the disregard to victims state of mind.For these reasons, a victim impact statement was introduced (HOC Legal studies topic). A significant issue raised, was the matter of the original entente. In his case, USAF was sentenced to fifty-five years for Gang- rape. This contradicts legal logic, as the sentence far outweighs the punishme nt for murder, which carries a sentence of xxv years. This encourages other sexual offenders to not only sexually assault their victims but to murder victims and dispose of incriminating evidence ( HOC Legal studies topic).Although in agate line to the previous point, Safe reduced sentence labels the legal system as flawed and weak. A Victim quoted The court system is riddled with flaws. Reports from the media have valued the continuation of Safe psychopathic behavior, in spite of receiving a life sentence. In 2003 the media obtained pictures of Safe goal cell, where he had drawn pictures of him sexually assaulting women. This further more let down society, as they believed the sentence was too lenient, and a waste of taxpayers money (HOC Legal studies topic).It was for these reasons the government introduced the Crimes Sexual Assault in Company Act . It gives Judges the power to condemn life sentences with no racial implications. It gave society and victims a stronger sense of sa tisfaction tit the fact of a set sentence for the crime. It benefits society in the way that their resources are being wasted on accused demands for legal aid, as it is difficult to battle for a reduced sentence. It assisted to neutralist the inconsistencies in the court systems that as evidence shows in the prior case are common ( HOC Legal studies topic).In 2007 the NEWS Government introduced the Crimes Amendment (Consent Sexual Assault Offences) Act 2007, which was an Amendment of the Crimes Act 1900. The legislation amended the legal definition of consent, and the finite requirements needed to follow up on in sexual behavior with another person. It also gave explicit examples where consent cannot be given (NEWS attorney and general) . The legislation redefined the statutory definition on consent and put emphasis on outlining when and when a victim whitethorn or may not have the ability to consent in sexual behaviors.The amendment stated that if a person is, heavily intoxicat ed with drugs or alcohol, unconscious, asleep, harassed or extorted to engage or forced from a position of power and authority, consent has legally not been given ( NEWS attorney and general). The legislation has also provided a significant change in court procedure. The reforms have made it so the responsibility of proving beyond reasonable disbelieve in regards to consent is now the task of the defendant. Prior to the law reform it was the job of the complainants prosecution.It has also served an educative purpose, in the way that it lets members of society know the correct procedures in assuring consent ( NEWS attorney and general). The legislation is balanced with both confirmative and negative factors. It is now the responsibility of the denial to prove there was consent, which in some cases can be adequately difficult, sometimes impossible to prove beyond reasonable doubt. This provides unbalance on the ground of Justice, as in some cases allegations are turn up to be fal se (NEWS attorney and general).The Consent (sexual offences) act provides Justice and fairness for victims, but also provides complications for defendants charged under false allegations. There is a mixture of both fair and unfair qualities in the legislation (NEWS attorney and general). In conclusion evidence provided regarding reforms, cases and legislation highlight he positive and negative qualities of Justice for victims, defendants and society as a whole. Fact suggests that the legal system struggles to satisfy society and victim simultaneously while belongings the conventional criminal rights and procedural for defendants intact.Facts from the cases have outlined the flaws in our legal system whether it is under common or stature law. In order to maximize the effectiveness of legal system and the conditions of our statuary law reforms, the humanity must be made more aware of the rules and regulations regarding sexual assault. thus and only then, will we have a Just and fai r society. References milage P, Dally K, Webster P, corn D, Kelly T (2009). Cambridge Legal Studies Preliminary Second variate London. Conventional and innovative Justice responses to sexual violence.

Contingency Planning for a Healthcare Provider Essay

In this news report can be arrange a generic contingence contrive for the health care industry, this paper shows how apace things can change for health care providers, and what steps that conduct to be taken in case of a down hold whorled for the provider. This paper explains the seven steps of a happening formulate in detail to achieve maximum effectiveness. In this case, the contingence syllabus is for a surgical center. misfortune Planning for the Health Care providerBackgroundIn this paper can be found a generic adventure think for the health care industry, this paper shows how quickly things can change for health care providers, and what steps that need to be taken in case of a down ward spiral for the provider. This paper explains the seven steps of a contingency plan in detail to achieve maximum effectiveness. In this case, the contingency plan is for a surgical center, (The Author, 2014).Practice OverviewThere are m some(prenominal) ways contingency be after ca n be defined. possibility planning are steps, procedures, and policies for counseling that are created to keep assembly line trading operations on track running and/or to restore them as well possibly during disaster or system failure. Disaster recovery is a number of processes that only pays trouble to the processes of recovery. As defined by the Department of Health and Human Services, a contingency /disaster recovery plan is a strategic streak taken if at that place is a malfunction in a business product or if there is disaster such as flood, or fire or if things dont go according to plan, (DHHS, n.d.).Contingency is just one part of alarge process for tinge promptness that overwhelms disaster recovery planning, business practices, and operational continuity. What is also lots involved in repairing for such events are processes at a take aim of organisational processes and implementing policies that may require plans that are numerous and properly prompt for, recov er from, respond to, and continue events that impacted by continued activities. What mustiness also be considered by project managers are the disruptions and impacts of the plan, concurrently with organisational policies and standards, for such events. As part of a comprehensive risk instruction approach, a manager should identify threats and potential vulnerabilities for contingency planning and and so he should implement approaches to limit potential impact or to hamper such incidents from happening, (DHHS, 2014). Contingency planning involves seven key factors to success.1. Identify any regulatory requirements that involve contingency planning. Create a formal contingency planning policy statement.2. Conduct a business impact summary to recognize business processes and components, and systems that are critical to contingency planning. Mention the priorities to recovery and include impact events.3. Identify and implement preventative controls and mea confident(predicate)s to increase availability, devolve the disruption effects, and reduce the cost of contingency.4. Develop recovery strategies that make sure if something doesnt go according to plan or if there is disaster, radical critical systems and business can recover fast.5. Develop contingency plans that include precise procedures and guidance for recovery from disruptions.6. Plan testing, training, and exercises to practice and test contingency plans so that if there are and unfilled gaps or holes in the plan they could be filled. Also to make sure recovery personnel is prepared just in case of disruptions.7. Maintain contingency plans. Update and play new factors to them to show the changes in the factors that influence them. The development of contingency planning is essential to implementing and developing an emergency preparedness program that is comprehensive. According to NIST, there are five main components of contingency plan.Best Practices1. Concept of operations1. Notification and ac tivation2. Recovery of operations3. Reconstitution of normal operations4. bread and butter information as part as the plans appendicesIf success is wanted for contingency planning, it is essential for stakeholders to regularly re-look parts of operational importance. The lineaments of contingency plans that should be include are,1. Business continuity plan2. Business recovery plan3. doggedness of operations plan continuity of support plan4. Crisis communications plan5. Cyber incident response plan6. Disaster recovery plan7. resident physician emergency planConclusionIn conclusion, contingency plans are created to cling to responses to any disruptions or anything that may impact regular operations. The information the plans contain, the types of plans, and the responses wholly depend on the following factors, risk that a particular type of disruption may occur, resource availability to respond to different types of disruptions, organizational response capabilities, and readines s to deal with any type of disruption(DHHS, n.d.).ReferencesDEPARTMENT OF health AND HUMAN SERVICES(n.d.)ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE LIFE CYCLE FRAMEWORKContingency Plan HHS EPLC Practice GuideContingency planning. How to plan for disasters. Author Delisio ERhttp//eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.cecybrary.com/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=2bc0c2e0-b744-443

Hurdles Impeding Development of Pakistan Essay

Scarred from birth, Pakistans quest for survival has been as stimulate as it has been uncertain. Pakistan cyclight-emitting diode through a round of phases of development through its initiation Political, Social and Economic crises. The politicians were corrupt, interested in maintaining their political power and securing the interests of the elite, so to have them as the re stageative authority did non provide some(prenominal) hope of a democratic state that provided socio-economic justice and fair brass instrument to all Pakistani citizens.Ranging contr e reallywheresies everywhere the issue of the national language, the role of Islam, boor representation, and the distribution of power between the center and the provinces delayed constitution make and postponed general elections, thus putting Pakistan into a certain seat of hesitancy right from the start. Poverty Poverty remains a serious connect in Pakistan. A large segment of the population lives in poverty. jibe to the rebased GDP numbers, the per capita income comes to US$720.Poverty rates, which had fallen substantially in the eighties and early 1990s, started to rise again toward the end of the decade. More importantly, differences in income per capita crossways regions have persisted or widened. At the time of independence Pakistan suffered an unjust wealthiness distribution which marked its development or a long time. Pakistan has braggy much more than other lowincome countries, but has failed to achieve social surface commensurate with its economic growth. The educated and well-off urban population lives not so differently from their counterparts in other countries of similar income range.However, the poor and cl ingestish inhabitants of Pakistan ar being left behind. For example, access to sanitation in Pakistan in rural fields is 30% lower than in other countries with similar income. resolution & suggestions to this issue is Alternate means of brawniness production, like sola r lights, neculer energy other minerals Small loans and small business (e. g Greaming bank in Bangladesh who give small loans start from a small village and now its owner got noble price for his ideas and polices in micro economics) More evelopment projects from giving medication specially focus on their maintains & consistence. India A constant threat Pakistan has likewise been burdened by full-scale wars with India, a strategically exposed northwest frontier, and series of economic crises. It has difficulty allocating its scarce economic and natural resources in an equitable manner. All of Pakistans make outs underpin the dilemma they face in reconciling the goal of national integration with the imperatives of national security. Peace in this region of the world is sorely needed but he deal is easier said than done. M each obstacles internal and external continue to impede the leave of peace. result & suggestions to this issue is Encourage peace and peace talks with India fall flat the ideology of HINDUS argon like this and that (BANIYA etc ) Sad arouse of Judiciary Under the leadership of General Pervez Musharraf, the military has claimed its central moorage in Pakistans state structure and political scene. Similar to the present situation Judiciary has never been free to operate in Pakistan.The administration of Pakistan has abdicated their duty to protect the laws as well as the citizens of the sphere. The concept of a totally controlled judiciary was achieved by the determiners or ruling parties. Several judgments by the High Courts and irresponsible Courts have shown how well the objective has been achieved. Even the Supreme courts are not independent. For example, Governor of Sindh, Mr. Isharat ul Ibad was behind the bars few old age before he took the oath, all cases vaporized in air. The accountability cases against Nawaz Sharif and Benazir are also ridicule to the system. Culture DifferencesThe ruins of ancient accomplishedisatio ns at Mohenjodaro and at Harappa in the southern Indus Valley testify to the existence of an advanced urban civilization that flourished in what is now Pakistan in the second half of the third millenary BC during the same period as the major riverain civilizations in Mesopotamia and Persia. This area has on the course of time seen almost every sort of political sympathies from democracy to monarchy, has been invaded a number of times, settled and resettle. Solution & suggestions to this issue is Should be according to local and domestic values, norms and practicesLanguage Issues Despite the shared holiness of its overwhelmingly Muslim population, Pakistan has been engaged in a precarious struggle to define a national identity and evolve a pol economic system for its linguistically diverse population. Pakistan is have it offn to have over twenty languages and over 300 distinct dialects, Urdu and English are the authorised languages but Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, Baluchi and Serai ki are considered main languages. This diversity has caused chronic regional tensions and ensuant failures in forming a constitution, laws and finally a mutually shared agency of living.Although Urdu was nominated as Pakistans National Language yet the number of people speaking URDU as a mother tongue was very low. This generated a huge gap between the common people of the country and its systems. It is an irony that a vast majority of Pakistans population back endt understand it own National Anthem, by viewing this, its uncomplicated to view the barriers which every person in Paksitan has faced in frame to form a link with its systems and structures thus contributing little to the development.Solution & suggestions to this issue is Focus on regional language , should be taught at least till primary level Tribal and Provincial Issues The administrations perceived bias towards Punjab, the countrys most teeming province, has caused disgruntlement amongst the underdeveloped yet resource rich provinces. This bias has contributed to an escalating rebellion by tribal militias in Baluchistan. Militias have been engaged in guerrilla war with the Pakistani army, whose resources are already stretched between counter-terrorism activities and Kashmir.Tribal militias have been sabotaging strategic infrastructure, much(prenominal) as natural gas lines. Muslim extremism and sectarist forcefulness are fundamental threats to Pakistans political stability. Sunni-Shia violence along with frequent anti-western street protests and violence are common, particularly in Karachi. Pakistani forces have also been largely unable to chastise Taliban militants who operate with impunity in the areas bordering Afghanistan. FATA is such a great example of military failure, an area with in the country but out of the reach from the countrymen even the military.The militants have such a strong hold that they can every handled on their own toll, they are well equipped as well as inf ormed, as seen in latest events, it seems as if Bugti tribe was as equipped as the Army itself. Religion and Sectarian issues Pakistans political instability over time has been matched by a fierce ideological debate active the form of government it should adopt, Islamic or secular. In the absence of any nationally based political party, Pakistan has long had to rely on the civil service and the army to maintain the continuities of government.It was a daunting task to work up a nationstate whose peoples had only one uniting cypherstheir abiding creed in Islam. Other than that, there was nothing to bind them together as a nation. Subsequent political developments in Pakistan clearly showed that even the abiding faith in Islam was merely a mirage, not a solid factor of integration and development as there is a list of sectarian Issues Pakistanis are suffering from. Geographical issues Following a military defeat at the hands of India the breakaway of its eastern territory, which In dia divides it from, caused the establishment of Bangladesh in 1971.This situation epitomizes the most dramatic manifestation of Pakistans dilemma as a decentralized nation. All forms of developments in Pakistan continue to be marred by provincial jealousies and, in particular, by the deep resentments in the smaller provinces of Sind, Baluchistan, and the north-west Frontier Province against what is seen to be a monopoly by the Punjabi majority of the benefits of power, profit, and patronage.establishment Discrimination & Minorities Rights Pakistan is perhaps the most notorious political enigma in the second half of he 20th century. Perhaps, the most lamentable bear of our existence as a nation is that we do not know what we are. National identity is not primarily definable in terms of a people occupying a sovereign geographical territory. Existentially, identity is premised on ideology and social values. Both are noticeably in abatement in Pakistan. This is a state without ideol ogical ballast, without a lodestar. The people who are being called minorities, how we can expect truth from them after the handling they are given?In history we see Hindus were under Muslim rule for so long yet the first chance they got they joined British, the drive was only that they had no loyalty to the state. If in Pakistan the minorities would keep receiving such treatment there is not much less hope of any loyalty to the state either. Human Rights Pakistan remains heavily dependent on the fall in States for economic and military aid. The U. S. has notably failed to press for benevolent rights-related legal crystalise in the country, in exchange for Pakistans support in the U. S. led war on terror. For its part, the government of Pakistan has excused its failure to uphold gracious rights and the rule of law by citing domestic political pressure from uncompromising religious groups and militant organizations. Pakistans record of ratifying principal international human r ights treaties remains poor. To date, it is signatory to only five international conventions, and has signed incomplete the International arrangement on Civil and Political Rights nor the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Bpr †Erp Essay

In a bailiwick language, what does it mean to an organization that is underperforming? Business Process Reengineering is a focus accession foc development at brining improvements by enhancing efficiency and effectiveness of railway line play. The fundamental rethinking and radical design of a business process, its structure and related management systems, to offer key or partial improvements in performance.Business process reengineering is key element to the underperforming organizations because they need to diddle throw in their business processes to offer efficient and effective services to its consumers, and to make the organization profitable. BPR lend virtuosoself managers to rethink and re-align their work processes in accordance with the consumers demands with flexibility. Managers then using BPR redesign their work processes and made them more customer-focused to bring back shade to the organization.This will enable an underperforming organization to alter its busine ss processes and offer modern improved with enhanced quality products or services to its consumers. This will bring back the customer loyalty to the organization. Question 2 Why domiciliate IT be one of the biggest obstacles for BPR? Information Technology (IT) can be one of the biggest obstacles if they are handled with care while carrying out BPR. If the IT is non properly reorient with business goal, then the resultant process will not suffer desired results.The heritage of the legacy systems present in the organization is some other IT obstacle. Legacy systems might not be under control callable to the fact that they do not have enough documentation, historical measurements, and change control processes. Legacy systems scope and complexities which are not known must be taken at the same anteriority as the organizational and cultural structures during the process reengineering. These are the few obstacles constitute by the IT to the BPR. Question 3 What went wrong with the ERP implementation? Note four-spot (4) major issues.

2012 Olympics Article Analyses Essay

Picture, title and sub-title The headline is reversed-out of a colour picture of villagers apparently transporting stalk bales in preparation for the eccentric Olimpick games celebrated in the Cotswold village of chip Campden. The use of the term Olimpicks would appear to be a consider archaisms as it seems highly unlikely the Cotswold games were actually ever thus kn bear. The strap byline attributes the narration to a Mail staff reporter John Carter visits the village with its own eccentric games.Fact & Opinion It is a fact t palpebra the second split points to the origins of the Cotswold games in the early 17th Century thus anticipating Baron de Coubertins Olympic revival by 284 years. Allegedly, the Cotswold games were started as a Whitsun rejoicing in 1612 by Robert Dover. The games consisted of quirky rustic pursuits like cock-fighting, coursing and shin-kicking follow out moreCapital budgeting essayThese two-day games ran annually for 250 years before they were abandon owing to the disorderly mobs which used to attend. The Cotswold games were revived in 1951 for the Festival of Britain and enshroud to this day. The Cotswold Olimpicks are staged at Dovers cumulation in the parish of Weston Sub Edge close to Chipping Campden. Dovers Hill is described as a natural amphitheatre. Analysing words and phrases The generator makes deliberate use of the phrase on tenterhooks to evoke the anxiety of the London tenderize team, headed by Lord Sebastian Coe suggesting the term actually originated in the same Cotswold area.The oral communication on tenterhooks is thus taken to mean anxious, uneasy like the stuff stretched taut. Presumably, the reader is supposed to contrast the rustic, charming simplicity and eccentricity of the Cotswold games with the immensely guileful corporate Olympic bidding venture. The description of the shin-kicking competition is described as taking place on the first Friday after Whitsuntide where a player wearing hobnaile d boots kicks the straw-padded shins of his opposition in a demonstration sport.The writer makes a final contrast in the final paragraph suggesting hat unlike the modern international Games the Cotswold Olimpicks have never been subject to graft and corruption. This possibly hints at the Daily Mails editorial lieu which was then sniffily agnostic towards the London bid on the grounds that the pick of host city was believed to be a corrupt, nepotistic and hugely expensive process. Nevertheless, the writer then concludes with a humorous aside that a farmer at one time had to be bribed with a bottle of whisky to remove his sheep from the Cotswold arenaOverall, this gambol article shows an affectionate longing for the quirky, amateuristic eccentricity of English rural life and mildly contrasts it with the glossy, expensive corporate bidding that comprises the modern Olympic bidding process. The language is largely complex, anachronistic and sprinkled with archaic terms and histor ical reference. The writer assumes a fair degree of prior knowledge of Pierre de Coubertin, King mob puritanical instincts etc. The sentences are flowery, long and elaborate perhaps suggesting a Mail-like hankering for times past

International Student Identity Essay

indistinguishability is sort of behaviour that send word be symbolismized by single or communities by bespeaking how they move to all(prenominal) other and how they represent their culture of origin. These essay forget discuss and try some theories of indentity through culture and languange views and then show the enterer how these genus Lens might influence international disciple individualism. The structure of essay allow be organised as follows First of all, introduction willing explicate an overview of it.This is followed by describing the theory of individualism. The next section is about password of identicalness by using culture and language focuses. Further more(prenominal), writer will condone the tinge of refreshing culture and language to international scholarly persons current and future experience. Finally, a conslusion paragraph will be the final exam section of the essay. What is Identity? In last three decades, the theory of indistinguishabilit y element element evolves continously.harmonize to Borowski (1976, 501), identity element does non throw a definite concept. some(prenominal) scholars explore what identity is. For example, in his paper, hit and Reitzes (1981) summarise the work of McCall and Simmons (1966), Stryker (1968), and Burke and Tully (1977) to divide the concept of identity in three unique characteristics that atomic number 18, identities ar produced by society, identities atomic number 18 somebodyal sense, and identities are spontaneous and representational character.This typical feature is obtained by an individual throughout childhood period to take his/her fundamental character (Sokefeld et. al. 1999, 2). Later on, Fearon (1999, 4) broadly explains that identity of a someone coffin nail be defined as social identity (a person is recognised by rules deciding membership and performed characteristic features or attributes) and in the flesh(predicate) category (special feature, might be perman ent, that view as a person is ascertained meaning(a) by society).Furthermore, Hall (1990, 222) argues that the theories of identity keep to be produced, which is never complete, forever and a day in process and always constituted within, not after-school(prenominal), representation In addition, on that point are still challenges to identity theory to have unadorned meanings that related to self and society (Stryker and Burke 2000, 284). Culture Identity According to archaeological term (SAA 2008), culture means a set of make outledgeable beliefs, values and behaviours the way of life shared by the members of a society. It is performed because there is relationship between each(prenominal) of members (Ferdman 1990, 186).They usually gather in a group of society. For example, if some Javanese community (one of Indonesian ethnics) live outside of Indonesia, they tend to live in a place where other Javanese live. They interact with each other and applying Javaneses values t hat they have before. These dispositions maintain and develop their values and applying it in their daily living. Other citizenry who are not a member of that society might look this mind-set as culture identity of that society. In addition, Hall (1990, 229) argues that heathenish identities are the special character that emerge from history and culture.For instance, culture identities of England and Ireland are quite resembling, because they have similar history and culture. Cultural identity represents individual or groups behaviour. According to Kochman (1987, 220 cited in Ferdman 1990, 190), cultural identity can be represented by ethnic and indirect merge between an individual and the group. It has main value that the beliefs and act becomes a symbol of the group, and the member realise that he/she has direct relationship with the most Copernican and unique part of their culture (Smolic 1981, 75-77 cited in Ferdman 1990, 190) .This value is simple, however its malleability , imprecision, and multivocality, make cultural identity become complicated (Cohen 1993, 202). Furthermore, it can be influenced by anything because of cultural identity is unstable (Hall 1990, 229). Language Identity Language is primarily employ when people interact to each other. Yihong et. al. (2005, 39) state that language is not just to fall out, but It associated with culture which create ones self-identity. Moreover, it represents the identity of a society (Miller 2000, 69).For example, International students from Indonesia, Middle East countries, or China, will enunciate by using their native language when they interact to student from same country. Indonesian language, Arabic language, Mandarin or Cantonese languages are their identity. heap might k nowadays who they are by listening to their conversation. Language and identity can not be separated. Scholars argue that language use and identity is inherent with social practices and membership (Miller 2000, 69). He also affirms that self-representation is a harvest of language use and identity (Miller 2000, 69).How person speaks, what type of vocabularies, represent the identity of the speaker. For instance, a truck driver will not use same language as a Professor use, and a postgraduate student has different style of language that high school student does. tied(p) though they have same mother tongue, such as side, they speak differently because they come from different society. Their identity shows what and how they differ. International Student Identity People who pursue their study to overseas university will have current identity as international student.They become member of student society. During study, each individual enacts its duty as student (Fearon 1999, 19). A student can be seen by another member of society as college student, or the other way around. Furthermore, he or she may make a self-identity embedded with academic consequences (Reitzes and Burke 1982 cited in Reitzes and Burke 1991, 243). By representing their recent identity, they should study hard, submit the assignment on time, do some examinations, interact to other students and lecturer, and so on.Being international student in Australia, a person who comes from country which has different culture and language use will do some adjustments related with culture and language. He or she should modify with Australian or western culture, and using English language more frequent. These adjustments may be done to make his or her study undefeated and to make their live during here easy. For instance, using English language to communicate to another student from different country and lecturer or educate is a must(prenominal) otherwise he or she can not interact.Another illustration is when he or she has group assignment which requires works with Australian student or western countries student. Possibly, Australian people is genuinely common with assertive behaviour (Putnis and Petelin 2007, 3. 3), which can annoy him or her. rather of the study group is unsuccessful, acceptation to this behaviour should be considered, since it has positive impact to the group. Postgraduate student identity It is very interesting for me to deal with stark naked culture. I have to make a lot of adjustments while I am here. For example, I should say thank you to the bus driver to show my politeness and appreciation.It might be sort of Australian culture which is extraordinary(predicate) attitude in my country. Another case is about calling a lecturer or someone who has higher position than me just by mentioning his or her first name. For the first time, it is so unfamiliar for me, because in Indonesia, I have to call them by saying Mr or Mrs before their name. In spite of the example above, I am very surprised to know that drinking inebriant and get drunk is frequently done by most of Australian people. They always do this thing every workweek end. Using English as new-fashioned constraint language in the university is a remarkable thing for me.All things that related with my study are in English. At the beginning, it is quite difficult for me to be used to English language, because English is not my first or second language. However, I must try hard to improve my English, by speaking and interacting more very much with other native or international student. After all, now I feel my self-representation changes. According to (Yihong et. al. 2005, 39-40), I am in the level of self confidence change and additive change. As a postgraduate student, to establish reading habit and critical thinking are also new culture for me.To do my assignment well, all problems should be keen evaluated and analytically critiqued (Atkinson and Longman 2003 cited in Davies and Maldoni). They also suggest that critical thinking can be established by doing a lot of reading. For example, I need to read a lot of references to support my opinion in a discussion essay. Impact to my future Ther e are many Australian cultures which can influence my self identity. However, I have to sort whether it will be positive or negatif impact for me. For the negatif one, such as drinking alcohol habit, I will not allow my self to be influenced by that thing.On the other hand, assertive behaviour and the way how Australian people appreciate someone else will give the positive impact for me. In the future, my self will be more assertive and will appreciate people more. Another good impact for me is high level of English proficiency. Practising english everyday will make non-native speaker highly reassured (Yihong et. al. 2005, 39-40). Conclusion The concept of identity still changes and many experts try to devise the suitable definition of identity. New culture and language use which set about by international student will affect to their self identity.These new lenses might have positive or negative impact to them. They will have high self-confidence in interacting to another peopl e. However, they should make a choice to absorb whether native culture is acceptable to be used as their self-representation or not. Reference Borowski, E. J. 1976. Identity and Personal Identity. Mind. 85 (340) 481-502. http//links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00264423%28197610%292%3A85%3A340%3C481%3AIAPI%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-L (accessed at 24 butt against 2008). Burke, P. J. and D. C. Reitzes. 1981. The link between identity and usage performance Social Psychology Quarterly.44 (2) 83-92. http//links. jstor. org/sici? sici=01902725%28198106%2944%3A2%3C83%3ATLBIAR%3E2. 0. CO%3B2 (accessed at 20 process 2008). Cohen, A. P. 1993. Culture as identity An anthropologists view. New literary History. 24 (1) 195-209. http//links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00286087%28199324%2924%3A1%3C195%3ACAIAAV%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-R (accessed at 27 March 2008). Davies, A. and A. Maldoni. Meeting the ineluctably of International Postgraduate Students Modifying the EAP Curriculum for Masters Preparation Programs. http//ww w. englishaustralia. com. au/index. cgi?E=hcatfuncs&PT=sl&X=getdoc&Lev1=pub_c05_07&Lev2=c04_davie. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Fearon, J. D. 1999. What is identity (as we now use the word). Department of Political Science. Stanford University. http//www. stanford. edu/jfearon/papers/iden1v2. pdf (accessed at 24 March 2008). Ferdman, B. M. 1990. Literacy and Cultural Identity. Harvard Educational Review. 60 (2) 181. Academic Research Library.http//eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp ?_nfpb= unfeigned&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ408106&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ408106.(accessed at 27 March 2008). Hall, S. 1990. Culture Identity and Diaspora. http//www. lwbooks. co. uk/ReadingRoom/reality/IdentityDiaspora. pdf. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Kagan, H. and Cohen, J. 1990. Cultural adjustment of international students. psychological Science. 1 (2) 133-137. http//www. blackwell-synergy. com. ezp02. library. qut. edu. au/doi/abs/10. 1111 /j. 1467-9280. 1990. tb00082. x (accessed at 27 March 2008). Miller, J. M. 2000. Language use, identity, and social interaction migrant students in Australia. Research on Language & Social Interaction.33(1) 69-100. http//dx. doi. org/10. 1207/S15327973RLSI3301_3. (accessed 7 March 2008). Putnis P. and R. Petelin. 2007. Improving personal communication. In QCD210/220/211 book of readings. Brisbane Queensland University of Technology. Stryker, S. and Burke, P. J. 2000. The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly. 63 (4) 284-297. http//links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0190-2725%28200012%2963%3A4%3C284%3ATPPAFO%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-G. (accessed at 24 March 2008). Society for American Archaeology. 1996. http//www. saa.org/publications/sampler/terms. hypertext markup language (accessed at 27 March 2008). Sokefeld, M. , Chaudhary, M. A. , Driessen, H. , Ewing, K. P. , Fuchs. , Gellner, D. N. , Haley, B. D. , et al. 1999. Debating self, identity, and culture in a nthropology (and comments and reply). Current Anthropology. 40 (4) 417-447. http//links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00113204%28199908%2F10%2940%3A4%3C417%3ADSIACI%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-5 (accessed at 27 March 2008) Yihong, G. , Ying, C. , Yuan, Z. , and Yan Z. 2005. Self-identity changes and English learning among Chinese undergraduates. World Englishes. 24 (1)